Sierpienski & Crown Square Fractal Shapes Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna

A new Sierpienski & Crown Square Fractal Shapes Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna is proposed. A patch antenna is a narrowband, wide-beam antenna. These antennas are low profile, conformal to planar and non-planar surface, simple and inexpensive to manufacture using modern printed circuit technology, mechanically robust when mounted on rigid surface, compatible with MMIC designs and when the particular shape and mode are selected they are very versatile in terms of resonant frequency, polarization, field pattern and impedance. Microstrip patch antenna consist of a very thin metallic strip (patch) placed a small fraction of a wavelength above a ground plane. The patch is generally made of conducting material such as copper or gold and can take any possible shape. This paper presents a design of Sierpienski & Crown Square Fractal Shapes Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna and experimentally studied on IE3D software. This design is achieved by cutting Sierpienski & Crown Square Fractal Shapes Slottes in a patch. With Sierpienski & Crown Square Fractal Shapes patch antenna is designed on a FR4 substrate of thickness 1.524 mm and relative permittivity of 4.4 and mounted above the ground plane at a height of 6 mm. Bandwidth as high as 36.6% are achieved with stable pattern characteristics, such as gain and cross polarization, within its bandwidth. Impedance bandwidth, antenna gain and return loss are observed for the proposed antenna. Details of the measured and simulated results are presented and discussed. Index Terms Bandwidth, Sierpienski & Crown Square Fractal Shapes, Return loss, microstrip antenna. INTRODUCTION A microstrip antenna consists of conducting patch on a ground plane separated by dielectric substrate. In the late 1970s [4,5], the rapid development of microstrip antenna technology began. By the early 1980s basic microstrip antenna elements and arrays [7] were fairly well established in terms of design and modeling, and workers were turning their attentions to improving antenna performance features (e.g. bandwidth), and to the increased application of the technology[9]. One of these applications involved the use of microstrip antennas for integrated phased array systems, as the printed technology of microstrip antenna seemed perfectly suited to low-cost and high-density integration with active MIC or MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit) phase shifter and T/R circuitry[16]. Low dielectric constant substrates are generally preferred for maximum radiation. The conducting patch can take any shape but rectangular and circular configurations are the most commonly used configuration [2]. Other configurations are complex to analyze and require heavy numerical computations. A microstrip antenna is characterized by its Length, Width, Input impedance, and Gain and radiation patterns. Various parameters of the patch antenna and its design considerations will discussed in the subsequent part. The length of the antenna is nearly half wavelength in the dielectric [6]; it is a very critical parameter, which governs the resonant frequency of the IJECSE,Volume3, Number1 Dr. Yogesh Bhomia et al. 27 ISSN 2277-1956/V3N1-26-30 antenna [11]. There are no hard and fast rules to find the width of the patch.